404 LAW AND PUNISHMENT. 



b. Bites. 



c. Kicks. 



d. Pinching. 



e. Shaking. 



4. Artificial fright as by pretended drowning or worry- 

 ing a ruse sometimes resorted to by big dogs to punish the 

 troublesomeness of little ones. 



5. Simple reprimand, rebuke, reproof, by voice-sound, 

 look, or otherwise. 



6. Persecution long persisted in and unremitting. 



7. Practical jokes sometimes of a very cruel kind. 



8. Simple repression of liberties the snubbing or putting 

 down of all kinds of presumption. 



9. Threatening or pretending this or that form of violence 

 to the person. 



A few illustrations of these conjoint grounds and modes 

 of punishment are desirable. A big dog, after rescuing a 

 little one from drowning, ' cuffed it first with one paw, and 

 then with the other' (Wood). The cat, too, cuffs with its 

 paws the kitten that is forward, impudent, lazy, or stupid ; 

 while the dog-parent treats its pup under similar circum- 

 stances with a bite or a growl. Of dogs in the East, a cor- 

 respondent of the * Animal' World ' says : * If a dog in the 

 interior of the city makes himself disagreeable, he is taken 

 up by the scruff of the neck and carried outside the city. He 

 is never known to return to his old haunts. In fact he is 

 unable to do so, being always hindered by those in possession 

 of the intervening districts from passing through them. He 

 thus remains on the outside of the city, an outcast from the 

 dog community, a pariah among dogs, for the rest of his 

 days.' A certain dog punished a companion for sheep- worry- 

 ing (Watson), and other dogs punish their fellows for such 

 offences negative or positive as malingering, shirking 

 work, theft, and provocation or annoyance of all kinds. 



Dogs in the East punish stragglers from their own 

 proper territory (Low). Large powerful dogs frequently 

 correct the troublesomeness of small weak ones by temporary 

 submersion in water, to all degrees short of drowning ; this 



