430 USE OF MAN'S INSTKUMENTS. 



eatables for itself or its master is a subject of the highest 

 interest from several points of view, illustrating as it does 

 not only 



1. The purchase of rolls at a baker's by tendering a 

 copper held in the mouth, involving a knowledge of the 

 practice, if not of the principle, of exchange or barter j but 

 also 



2. The earning and accumulation or saving of money, with 

 its storage for the future needs either of its master or itself. 



3. A knowledge of coins and their relative value, including 

 the getting of change. 



4. Bargain-making with man. 



5. Selection of a particular shop and dealer. 



6. Perception and resentment of deception or dishonesty, 

 or attempts thereat, real or assumed. 



7. The use of credit and the running up of accounts. 



In the town near which I reside there are at least two 

 large dogs whose peculiarities are well known to many of 

 the inhabitants, and especially to school children, which dogs 

 are habitually sent by their masters merchants in the town 

 to purchase bread for themselves. Each carries a penny 

 in its mouth, and each trots off, whenever a penny is given 

 to it, to a certain baker's shop. There they rear themselves 

 on their hind legs, place their fore paws well on the counter, 

 and thus firmly. supporting themselves they drop their penny 

 on the counter, receiving a roll in return. This they carry 

 back in their mouths in one case intact, the dog not eating 

 its allowance till the bread being broken up and offered, it 

 understands it to be for its own use, and devours the roll- 

 fragments. One of these so-called 'performances' I wit- 

 nessed and conducted for myself for experimental purposes. 

 But such incidents are merely types of others of common 

 occurrence. 



Much less common, but more suggestive, incidents are 

 the following : A certain terrier, now dead ' Captain ' 

 long well known in Eothesay, publicly begged money from 

 suitable persons, showing great discrimination in the se- 

 lection of the persons to whom he made his appeal. When 

 he had an excess of funds more than he required to buy his 



