USE OF MAN'S INSTRUMENTS. 437 



thoughtfulness, the commoner procedure in all cases being 

 to leave them whether taps, gates, or doors open. Wood 

 tells us of a horse that was in the habit of working a pump 

 for his own behoof. He 'took the handle in his teeth, 

 worked it up and down, and when the water was in full flow 

 placed his mouth under the spout to drink.' An old pig did 

 something of the same kind in order to get at a supply of 

 whey, taking hold of the pump-handle by its mouth (' Animal 

 World'). 



Other animals work other instruments in a similar way. 

 Thus a cow was in the habit of ' turning the handle of a 

 turnip-slicer when the hopper had any turnips in it,' and 

 then fed on the slices that dropped out (Jesse). Certain 

 performing elephants * play the organ ' simply by regularly 

 turning its handle. Certain dogs were once used to turn 

 spits in kitchens, and were known, from the nature of 

 their special training or breeding, as * turnspits.' A hair- 

 di'esser's dog turned a wheel that moved a revolving hair- 

 brush the dog and its wheel being stationed in a room 

 above the perfumer's operating chamber, the animal acting 

 at the sound of a bell rung by its master (' Animal World '). 

 A tame chimpanzee on shipboard took its place among the 

 sailors in working the capstan (Houzeau). The titi monkey 

 can use man's paddles in rowing canoes, keeping time or 

 'stroke' (Cassell). The dog and other animals have been 

 taught to blow the forge bellows, or otherwise to assist the 

 blacksmith. 



Certain of the Quadrumana various dogs and cats and 

 other animals use ropes or their equivalents in a consider- 

 able variety of ways. Perhaps the commonest illustration of 

 their use is &eZZ-pulling, while the most important is the 

 conveyance of ropes ashore or on shipboard during ship- 

 wreck. Bell pulling or ringing is a common trick or feat 

 of the dog or cat one that it teaches itself, or acquires 

 for itself, for its own ends. These ends include not only 

 the common one of gaining admission to this or that house 

 or room, but also the commendable one of keeping servants 

 on the alert (Watson), or of communicating information to 

 them, as well as the nefarious one of deceiving servants in 



