442 USE OF CLOTHING AND SHELTER. 



in Java, had a young one ' that used to prepare himself a 

 proper bed every evening with boughs and leaves .... 

 Afterwards, on the voyage home, ... he used to make him- 

 self a bed with sail-cloths, and rolled himself up therein .... 

 If canvas was not to be had he would take the sailors' 

 shirts and clothes which were hung up to dry. Vosmaer 

 had an orang that exhibited the same cleverness in ar- 

 ranging his bed.' Of another on board ship it is recorded, 

 e He never came on deck without bringing his woollen 

 blanket and wrapping himself in it. His bed he accepted 

 gladly, although he had never known such a thing pre- 

 viously,' and before sleeping in it he himself made it up 

 properly (Biichner). A writer in the ' Fancier's Gazette ' 

 describes his dog, after fighting a match, going home and 

 betaking himself forthwith to his master's bed, in which he 

 was found between the sheets, with his head on the pillow. 

 'He had made down the bed for himself and turned in, and 

 the black mud and blood from his coat had soaked through 

 both sheets and feathers.' 



What has been called the clothing instinct, then, cannot 

 be said to be confined to man ; for not only is it frequently 

 absent in him, but it is occasionally present in some other ani- 

 mals that use dress or clothing, shelter or protection for the 

 body by day and night, either of a natural or artificial kind, 

 including ornament or finery, the decoration of the person 

 (Houzeau). In their trappings and insignia of rank, or of 

 the rank of their riders, such animals as the horse and ele- 

 phant even show a love of finery or dress, and it cannot be 

 said that either the love or the use of dress arises in all 

 cases from imitation of man and his customs or costumes. 



Another error of those who contend for man's supremacy 

 o'ver all other animals is to describe him as the only animal 

 that constructs for himself, in the form of dwellings of some 

 kind, a permanent and proper shelter from the vicissitudes 

 of the weather ; for, in the first place, there are, or have 

 been, many savage races who either constructed or con- 

 struct no dwellings of any kind, or whose huts or hovels 

 cannot compare architecturally with the nests or other 

 habitations of many of the lower animals. Certain pre- 



