PREPARATION OF FOOD. 447 



with or without animal food, includes wild plants, roots, 

 fruits, and berries. 



But the appetite of savage man is not confined to animal 

 or vegetable food, nor to both in various combinations. He 

 also eats dirt, clay or mud, as well as matters infinitely more 

 offensive. He may be said, indeed, to eat anything, to be 

 omnivorous (Houzeau). The subject, however, of morbid 

 appetite in him, as in other animals, is so extensive as to 

 require separate treatment. 



Many human savage races live, as other animals do, by 

 hunting and fishing, by grubbing up roots, or gathering 

 fruits. Some of them eat lice, as monkeys do (Houzeau). 

 ' Until the arrival of Europeans the Australians knew nothing 

 about cooking or boiling food' (Biichner). Carrion-eating 

 is common among the Zulus (Colenso). The Bushmen of 

 Southern Africa live partly upon 'small birds, which they 

 swallow unplucked.' Lizards are eaten raw by the Digger 

 Indians, ( with no other preparation than pulling out the 

 tails ; ' and they also eat ' dead horses, till nothing is left but 

 the bones,' as well as other forms of putrid or mouldy meat. 

 Part of the food of the Apache Indians consists of stolen 

 horses and asses. ' The beasts are not slaughtered, but torn 

 asunder.' There is no cooking of any kind among the 

 Dokos and Mincopies, the food being eaten raw (Biichner). 



The Hamram Arab in Abyssinia, as was long since 

 pointed out by Bruce, and as has recently been confirmed by 

 Baker, cuts and eats steaks from live oxen. The Yeddas of 

 Ceylon, according to Hartshorne, live on wild honey, lizards, 

 and the flesh of monkeys, deer, and boars. The wild men of 

 the Tinnivelly ghats, too, c feed chiefly upon roots and 

 honey.' l 



Wild men and beast children including, for instance, the 

 wolf children of India usually show these theroid propensi- 

 ties in regard to food-capture and use even in a more marked 

 degree or form. They tear and eat raw flesh, gather and 

 gnaw bones like dogs, catch and swallow flies, bite the heads 

 off live fowls, lap water with their tongues. Of one of them 

 Gerhardt says, ' He drank like a dog, and liked a bone and 

 1 ' Academy, May 1875. 



