460 POWER OF CALCULATION. 



the not going to shop, its master's change of dress, the 

 later hours of rising and breakfast, the greater quiet of 

 house and streets, all guide it probably in distinguishing 

 the Sabbath from other days of the week. The raven in 

 Shetland does more harm on Sunday than on other days, 

 because the human inhabitants are regular church-goers, 

 and the birds know that almost nobody is left behind to 

 hinder their depredations (Saxby). 



Eooks and crows show similar fearlessness, security, or 

 boldness on Sundays (Watson). Macaulay mentions a dog 

 that visited a baker every morning save Sunday ; on that day 

 it never made the attempt; and Dr. Carpenter tells us of 

 sparrows that made a similar omission in their otherwise 

 daily visits to the playground of a Bristol boarding school, 

 the pupils of which had early lunch indoors on Sundays. In 

 both cases the obvious cause of the omission was the same 

 the knowledge that on Sundays nothing was to be had to 

 repay a visit, the baker's shop being closed in the one case 

 and there being no bread-crumbs in the playground in the 

 other. 



The dog is liable to commit error as to particular days 

 of the same kind that man makes under the same cir- 

 cumstances. Thus it commits a very pardonable mistake 

 when it confounds fast days in Scotland with Sundays 

 (Watson), inasmuch as children, and even adult men, are con- 

 stantly doing the same. 



Several instances have been recorded of dogs secreting 

 themselves on Saturday, so as to avoid being tied up on Sun- 

 day ; and in such cases they may arrive at their knowledge 

 of Saturday from their observation of the same kinds of signs 

 that mark off Sunday from other days in the week. Satur- 

 day, in this country at least, is usually a half-holiday, 

 marked by cessation from ordinary work and by engage- 

 ment in various forms of recreation or of preparation for the 

 Sabbath. 



Dr. Carpenter mentions a dog keeping out of the way 

 on the days once a fortnight on which it was accustomed 

 to be washed an operation it specially disliked. Here again 

 it may have learned the washing days not by counting every 



