400 Modern Dogs. 



Juliana Barnes, or Berners, wrote of spaniels in 

 1486, so did Dr. Keyes, or Caius; and later, in 1677, 

 Nicholas Cox, in his " Gentleman's Recreation," 

 copied what both his predecessors had said about 

 them, and added what remarks Gervase Markham 

 had made on the same subject. Then we must not 

 forget what Aldrovandus wrote early in the sixteenth 

 century, and the engravings he gave of sundry 

 varieties of the Spanish dog, which are described in a 

 preceding chapter on the setter. One of these he 

 called "pantherius," because it was spotted, i.e., more 

 or less ticked, as are many of the handsomer setters 

 and spaniels of the present day. 



In Cox's time, and earlier, the spaniel was in 

 great measure used as an assistance in hawking, 

 and he says " how necessary a thing it is to 

 falconry I think nobody need question as well 

 as to spring and retrieve a fowl being flown to 

 the mark, and also in divers and other ways to 

 help and assist falcons and goshawks." He then 

 alludes to cutting the tails of spaniels, about which 

 he says, " it is necessary, for several reasons, to cut 

 off the tip of a spaniel's stern when it is a whelp. 

 First, by doing so worms are 'prevented from breed- 

 ing there ; in the next place, if it be not cut, he will 

 be the less forward in pressing hastily into the 

 covert after his game ; besides this benefit, the dog 



