232 Modern Dogs. 



1 Whilst casting history to the winds, it appears to 

 me that points emblematic of the now obsolete 

 function should be preserved, and it is very certain 

 that a protruding under jaw was a point very strongly 

 insisted on by old time breeders, as it enabled their 

 dogs to breathe whilst pinning the bull's nose. It 

 must be admitted that when carried to excess this 

 feature is very unsightly on the show bench, which 

 probably accounts for the growing tendency to 

 countenance ' froggy ' specimens. The face, by 

 which is meant all that part of the animal which 

 is in front of the eye, should be extremely short, 

 with broad truncated muzzle, distinctly inclined up- 

 wards, which must occur if the formation of the 

 lower jaw is correct. By the expression " froggy " 

 is meant a dog with level jaws, that is to say, not 

 underhung, though in some few cases it even 

 amounts to being overshot. The terms " wry faced" 

 or " twisted jawed " are synonymous, and denote 

 that the lower jaw has the appearance of being 

 contorted. This deformity, though a great eyesore, 

 does not exist in the bone, but in the soft structures 

 forming the lower half of the face. I have proved 

 this by examining the skulls of " wry faced " dogs, in 

 none of which was there assymmetry. I believe this 

 u wry face " to be caused by injury at the time of the 

 birth of the puppy, and that it is not hereditary. 



