The Bulldog. 233 



"The face should be broad in proportion to 

 the skull, otherwise the animal is called ( pinched 

 faced/ and deep through the muzzle, or otherwise 

 the animal is what is called ' monkey-faced.' 

 When viewed in profile it should appear as if the 

 tip of the nose would just touch an imaginary 

 straight line drawn from the extremity of the lower 

 lip to the frontal eminence between the brows. The 

 bones of the lower jaw in specimens which have the 

 desired appearance, known as ' upturn ' and ' lay 

 back,' are found to have the contour of a segment 

 of a circle. No other colour looks well for the lips 

 than black, and nothing spoils the appearance of a 

 white dog so much as not having entirely black lips. 



" The upper lip, called the ' chop,' should be 

 very thick and deep, hanging completely over the 

 lower jaw at the sides, but only just joining the lower 

 lip in front, yet quite covering the teeth, otherwise 

 the dog is said ( to grin.' On the thickness of the 

 ' chop ' depends the amount of ' cushion,' a point 

 very much sought after by modern exhibitors. 

 Some, however, are of opinion that it is very 

 undesirable to have the chops large to the point of 

 being pendulous. For my part I think that the 

 appearance of a dog is enhanced by very deep chops, 

 so long as they are of a good thickness ; but what 

 spoils the appearance of a dog is having long thin 



