RIDING AND TRAINING. 69 



put on the double-reined bridle before the easy bit 

 has, perhaps, produced bad habits. 



The objects we shall have in view in the follow- 

 ing exercises, are : 



i st. To make the horse carry its head in the 

 position that will give the rider the greatest control 

 over the mouth. This is with the face vertical to 

 the plane upon which the horse moves. 



2d. To teach the horse to elevate or to depress 

 the head, so that the rider may control the forces 

 of the forehand in collecting the horse. 



3</. To render the lower jaw pliant, so that 

 the horse will yield to the lightest touches of the 

 bit. 



4//z. To supple the forehand, so that the head, 

 neck, and shoulders may be under the immediate 

 control of the rider. Nearly all the resistances 

 of the horse, whether wilful or owing to defective 

 formation, come from the forehand, and while there 

 is any rigidity in that part the horse does not per- 

 fectly submit. 



$th. To supple the hind-quarters, and to make 

 that part obedient to the indications of the heels, so 

 that the hand operating upon the forehand, and the 

 heels upon the hind-quarters, the forces of the two 

 extremities may be brought to a point of union and 

 balance under the rider, by which he can obtain a 



