88 ROAD, PARK, AND SCHOOL 



the rider guides the movement. The heels will 

 prevent the horse falling away from the line of 

 march, the hand will restrain a movement be- 

 yond it. 



Traversing in this manner at a walk, the horse, 

 after it will perform the movements perfectly by the 

 aid of the wall, should be made to pass in circles, 

 first of a great diameter and gradually reduced in 

 size. In traversing in circles, the hand and the 

 heels must act together to keep the position of the 

 horse true upon each point of the curved paths. 

 If the forehand be upon the outside path and 

 the croup towards the centre, the latter part will 

 be made to proceed more slowly than the fore- 

 hand. If the head be in towards the centre of the 

 circle the hand will restrain the movement of that 

 part, while the heels will make the croup take the 

 extended steps required to keep its position on the 

 larger circumference. (See DIAGRAM.) 



In shoulder-in, the horse passes to the right or to 

 the left upon two paths, but the head is turned away 

 from the direction in which the animal goes, and the 

 body advances with its convex side. The shoulders 

 are still to be in advance of the croup, but the head, 

 as has been said, is turned in the direction whence 

 the horse goes. (Fig. 21.) If the horse is to pass 

 at the shoulder-in to the left, the croup will be 



