152 ROAD, PARK, AND SCHOOL 



ing gently, and taking care neither to harass nor to 

 fatigue the animal. In this manner the horse is 

 taught the pesade and the airs derived from it, the 

 whip demanding the necessary exertions, while the 

 side-lines of the cavesson prevent the animal from 

 going forward and from bearing upon the reins. 

 The horse is very readily made to perform, under 

 its rider, the airs it has been taught in the pillars, 

 but it does not usually have the same freedom and 

 grace of movement that the animal which has never 

 been so treated exhibits. 



The Citrvet is a leap, in which the horse leaves 

 the ground from the hind-legs to receive the weight 

 upon the fore-feet. To perform the curvet, the 

 forces are closely collected, and the hind-legs are 

 carried well under the body, so that they are bent 

 when they take the weight, as the hand induces the 

 forehand to rise. The forehand does not rise so 

 high as in the pesade, but the fore-arms are doubled 

 under as in that movement. When the horse is 

 poised upon its hind-legs, the hand gives the animal 

 liberty, and the horse makes a bound in air to alight 

 upon the fore-feet. 



The Croupade is a high curvet, in which the hind- 

 legs are brought up under the belly of the horse as 

 it makes the leap from them. It is produced in the 

 same manner as the preceding air, and the more 



