RIDING AND TRAINING. 1 5 7 



latter part of the seventeenth century. This treatise 

 gave the Duke, justly, the reputation of being the 

 foremost horseman in Europe. The next advance 

 in the art was marked by M. de la Gueriniere, who 

 invented the movement known as ' shoulder-in ' 

 (Ptpaule en dedans) ; and from that time (1733), 

 until Baucher introduced the system of suppling by 

 means of the bits without the use of the pillars, no 

 great changes were made. Baucher's system is now 

 the foundation for all the best methods of horseman- 

 ship, although modern writers upon the subject do 

 not always acknowledge their debt, and some of 

 them deny it. Of late years, the Germans have 

 greatly improved in horsemanship, many of them 

 are skilful riders, and their manuals are good ; but 

 a student of the art should not neglect the French 

 authors, for their works surpass all others in 

 thoroughness. 



