ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



'CHAPTEE I. 



INTRODUCTION FUNCTIONS OF ANIMALS NUCLEATED 

 CORPUSCLES. 



1. THE world around us is divisible into the organic and 

 inorganic worlds ; the organic world including all bodies 

 which either are or have been alive, and the inorganic com- 

 prising all others. 



Physiology is the study of the healthy operations which 

 take place in living beings; and when the word is used 

 without qualification, it is customary to consider that special 

 reference to the physiology of the human body is intended : 

 still, in its widest signification, it refers to all living beings, 

 both animal and vegetable. 



It is a science which goes hand in hand with Anatomy, 

 the study of the structure of living beings; for, as is the 

 case with an artificial mechanism, so also with the body, an 

 acquaintance with its structure is required to explain the 

 way in which it works. 



Anatomy and physiology are not, however, co-extensive. 

 On the one hand, there is much physiology which has little 

 apparent connection with anatomy; and, on the other, in the 

 present state of science, there is much anato'my which can 

 be studied without special reference to physiology. In fact, 

 when the anatomist rises above the mere description of the 

 particular objects before him, he examines structures from 

 two points of view, one of which is the physiological, and 

 has regard to their fitness to servo some purpose useful to 

 the being to which they belong, while the other is called the 

 morphological view, and looks to the structural affinities of 



