12 



THE APODOUS IIOLOTHTJRIANS 



In the Liosomatidae, Selenka included nine species, of which one was described 

 for the first time. In the Synaptidae were included 44 species, of which 29 were 

 placed in the genus Synapta and 10 in Cliirodota. 



The notable monograph of Semper ('68) used essentially the same classi- 

 fication, but he called the family of footless Pneumonophora, Molpadiidac, and 

 in it he placed a new genus Echinosoma. He also described a new Haplodactyla, 

 H. molpadioidcs, with two varieties, pdlucida and sinensis. Under the Ap- 

 neumona he placed two new families, the EUPYRGID.E and ONCINOLABID^, each 

 with one genus, but he expressed strong doubts as to the validity of these fam- 

 ilies, and regarded the genus Eupyrgus as probably belonging to the Molpadiida^, 

 and Oncinolabes as synonymous with Synapta. Under the Synaptidae he placed 

 a new genus, Anapta, containing one species. He also added 10 new species 

 of Synapta and admitted 23 others ; five new Chirodotas, and admitted 12 

 others ; and he recognized three other genera each with one species. Semper 

 therefore listed 68 species of apodous holothurians as against Selenka 's 53. 



Seventeen years later, Lampert ('85) returned to the classification of 

 Brandt and recognized the order Apoda, with its two suborders each with a 

 single family. His arrangement was as follows: 



The next great monograph on holothurians, that by Theel ('86 a) adopts 

 the same classification, except that Embolus is admitted among the Molpadiidse 

 and Liosoma is not. Owing to the description of 11 new species, the total num- 



