378 THE APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL FORCES. [BOOK iv 



This result is accomplished by an apparatus such as that of which 

 Fig. 260 represents the appearance, and which we will succinctly 

 describe. 



A is the boiler directly heated by the fire. B is another boiler 

 heated by the gases of combustion whose heat is thus utilized. Two 

 refrigerators, E, E', contain coils in which the condensation of the 

 vapour of the distilled liquid takes place. Every part of the apparatus, 

 both boilers and refrigerators is filled with the liquid, say wine. It is 

 introduced first into the refrigerator E' and it runs by an overflow pipe 



FIG. 260. Laugier's apparatus for the distillation of alcohol. 



into E, thence by the pipe a into the boiler B and by the pipe t into 

 the boiler A. The vapour follows a precisely opposite course. From 

 A it passes by t' into the boiler B ; from here by b, it passes to E, 

 where it partly condenses in a series of partial coils. The condensed 

 liquid returns to B by the pipe c common to all the coils ; and the 

 portion of the vapour which remains uncondensed passes on to the 

 coil E and is there condensed in its turn. 



It is set in action in the following way. When the liquid has 

 risen in B to the level of the rose, the pouring in is stopped, the boiler 



