EXERCISES WITH FLOWERS 



71 



with irregular arrangement of fibro-vascular bundles (endogen- 

 ous) ; the dicotyledonous plants usually have leaves with net 

 veins, and stems with the fibro-vascular bundles definitely ar- 

 ranged to form a circle (exogenous). 



Both groups are sub-divided into orders, and these orders 

 into families, these families into genera, and 

 these genera into species. The generic and 

 specific names constitute the scientific or 

 Latin name of the plant. The classification 

 and naming is the same in all civilized 

 languages. The committing to memory of 

 classifications and scientific names is wasted 

 time and useless, unless we understand the 

 relationship of plants and the basis for their 

 groupings. However, a careful study of 

 plants will enable the thorough and closely 

 observing pupil to classify many plants to 

 their families and even to their genera with- 

 out the use of a manual. Students who are 

 interested in the classification of plants 

 should secure and use a manual suited to the locality in which 

 they live. 



EXERCISES WITH FLOWERS 



1. Plant Studies. The study should be associated with the plant as 

 a whole, provided time and material will permit. The following points 

 should be determined if possible: 



(1) Is the plant monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous? 



(2) Is it an herb, shrub, or tree? 



(3) Under what conditions did it grow? 



(4) Describe in brief the root, stem and leaf. 

 (5.) Is the flower perfect or imperfect? 



Is the flower complete or incomplete? 



Is the flower regular or irregular? 



Is the flower symmetrical or unsymmetrical? 



Fio. 58. Dandelion 

 head. Composite type 

 of inflorescence. 



