84 FRUITS AND SEEDS 



tage of this tendency of plants to reproduce themselves 'and to 

 vary their characters, and has selected those which are the best 

 suited to his purposes, and has protected and cultivated them. 

 By his intelligent management he has increased their value to 

 himself. (Chapter XV.) 



For convenience we will classify fruits as follows : 



The drupe or stone fruit has the seed surrounded by a 

 strong, or hard, stony growth (endocarp) which is, in turn, 

 surrounded by a fleshy growth (exocarp). The stony and 

 fleshy growths constitute the ovary.. The peach (Fig. 62), 

 plum and cherry are of this type, and each fruit is a 

 .single or simple ovary derived from a single flower. (Page 55.) 

 There are several modifications of the simple drupe which 

 are given special names, but the differences are superficial. 

 They are: 



(a) The aggregate fruit which consists of a number of 

 ripened, fleshy pistils derived from a single flower. The black- 

 berry and raspberry are excellent types. 



(6) The multiple fruit which consists of a number of small 

 single pistils each derived from a single flower. The mulberry 

 is a type. Although the blackberry and mulberry fruits show 



