56 THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF COFFEE. 



examined, it will be found to be studded, particularly 

 on its basal half, with minute yellowish- white specks 

 of an oblong form. These are the larvae of the males 

 undergoing transformation into pupae beneath their 

 own skins. Some of those specks are always in a more 

 advanced state than the others, the full grown ones 

 being whitish and scarcely a line long. Some of this 

 size are translucent, the insect having escaped, the 

 darker ones have it still within, of an oblong form, 

 with the rudiment of a wing on each side attached to 

 the lower part of the thorax, and closely applied to the 

 sides. The legs are six in number, the four hind ones 

 being directed backwards, the anterior forwards (a 

 peculiarity not occurring in other insects), the two 

 antennae are also inclined backwards, and from the 

 tail protrude three short bristles, the middle one 

 thinner and longer than the rest. 



When the transformation is complete, the mature 

 insect makes its way from beneath the pellucid case.* 

 All its organs having then attained their full size, the 

 head is subglobular, with two rather prominent black 

 eyes, and two antennae, each with eleven joints, hairy 

 throughout, and a tuft of rather longer hairs at the 

 apices ; the legs are also hairy, the wings are hori- 

 zontal, of an obovate oblong shape, membranous, 

 and extending a little further than the bristles of the 

 tail. They have only two nerves, neither of which 

 reaches so far as the lips ; one of them runs close to the 

 costal margin, and is much thicker than the other, 



* Mr. Westwood, who observed the operation in one species, states 

 that they escape backwards, the wings being extended flatly over the 

 head. 



