PLANTS CULTIVATED FOR THEIR STEMS OR LEAVES. 03 



same opinion. Moreover, the aitichoke has not been 

 found out of gardens ; and since the Mediterranean 

 region, the home of all the Cynaroi, has been thoroughly- 

 explored, it may safely be asserted that it exists nowhere 

 w'ild. 



The cardoon, in which we must also include G. 

 horrida of Sibthorp, is indigenous in Madeira and in the 

 Canary Isles, in the mountains of Marocco near Mogador, 

 in the south and east of the Iberian peninsula, the 

 south of France, of Italy, of Greece, and in the islands 

 of the Mediterranean Sea as far as Cyprus.^ Munby ^ does 

 not allow C. carduneulus to be wild in Alo-eria, but 

 he does admit Cynara humilis of Linnaeus, which is 

 considered by a few authors as a variety. 



The cultivated cardoon varies a grood deal with reo^ard 

 to the division of the leaves, the number of spines, and 

 the size diversities which indicate long cultivation. 

 The Romans eat the receptacle which bears the flowers, 

 and the Italians also eat it, under the name of yirello. 

 Modern nations cultivate the cardoon for the fleshy part 

 of the leaves, a custom which is not yet introduced into 

 Greece.^ 



The artichoke offers fewer varieties, which bears out 

 the opinion that it is a form derived from the cardoon. 

 Targioni/ in an excellent article upon this plant, 

 relates that the artichoke w^as brought from Naples to 

 Florence in 14G6, and he proves that ancient writers, 

 even Athenreus, were not acquainted with the artichoke, 

 but only wdth the wild and cultiv^ated cardoons. I must 

 mention, however, as a sign of its- antiquity in the north 

 of Africa, that the Berbers have two entirely distinct 

 names for the two plants : addacl for the cardoon, taga 

 for the artichoke.^ 



' Webb, Fhyt. Canar., lii. sect. 2, p. 384 ; Ball, Spicilegium Fl. Maroc, 

 p. 524; Willkomm and Lange, Pr. Fl. Hisp. ; Bertoloni, Fl. Ital., ix. p, 

 86 ; Boissier, Fl. Orient > iii. p. 357 ; Unger and Kotschy, Inseln Cypern. 

 p. 246. 



Munby, Catal., edit. 2. 



' Heldreich, Nutzpflanzen Grieclienlands, p. 27. 



* Targioni, Cenni Storici, p. 52. 



' Dictionnaire Fran<;ais.Beihe)e, published by the Government, 1 vol. 

 in 8vo. 



