KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ELDER 



227 



Fia. 370. European Red-berried Elder. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ELDER 



* Color of fruit black or nearly so. (A.) 



A. Height 6-12 feet; stems with large very white pith filling over 

 half the diameter; leaves with 5-11 usually smooth notched 

 blades ; flowers fragrant in broad clusters, June, July; fruit ripe 

 Aug., Sept. COMMON AMERICAN ELDER (368) Sambucus 

 canade"nsis. 



A. Height 12-25 feet ; with rough bark, less abundant pith and 

 earlier bloom, May. EUROPEAN BLACK ELDER (369) Sam- 



bucus nigra. 



A. 



Height 6-18 feet ; with the fruit strongly whitened with bloom 



and not polished as in the above species. Pacific coast species. 



CALIFORNIAN ELDER Sambucus glauca. 

 * Color of fruit red (rarely white). (B.) 

 B. Height 5-7 feet ; flowers in elongated clusters, April and May, 



and berries ripe in June; twigs round; pith brown. RED-BERRIED 



ELDER Sambucus pubens. 

 B. Similar to the last but somewhat tallerand with the twigs often 



4-angled and the leaf-stalk smoother. EUROPEAN RED-BERRIED 



ELDER (370) Sambucus racemdsa. 



The black- berried Elders have many cultivated varieties of great beauty 

 and among them are the cut-leaved forms, laciniata (371) ; the golden- 

 leaved aurea (372), and the variegated-leaved, varie^ata, under both 



