COUYLUS 



313 



The smallest species is the GREEN or MOI-NTAIN ALDER (558) Aluus 

 crispa (A. viridis), which never grows to over 10 feet. It can lie surely 

 known by the winged nuts or seeds, 

 in the cones, nearly \ inch wide. 

 The other two American species are : 

 SPECKLKI> or HOARY AI.DKR (550) 

 Alnus ineana. with leaves hairy 1 e- 

 neath, at least on the veins; and 

 SMOOTH ALDER (5GO) Alnus ru- 

 gosa, with leaves green and smooth 

 on both sides. The tallest species and 

 the only one which grows well in dry 

 places is BLACK ALDER (50 1 ) Alnus 

 glutinosa of Europe, with gummy 

 twigs, sometimes reaching the height 

 of 70 feet. The figures given illus- 

 trate the great variety of foliage in 

 the forms of this species. 



[Seeds; twig cuttings ; suckers.] 



C6rylus. The HAZELNITS and 

 FILBERTS are shrubby plants with 

 rounded hard-shelled nuts inclosed 

 more or less in green leaf-like bracts. 

 The leaves are alternate, simple, straight-veined with notched edges. The 

 three common species can be best separated by means of the difference in 

 the bracts which surround the nuts : in the BEAKED HAZELXUT ("><!_' 



Corylus rostrata, 2 to 6 feet high, the bracts 

 are not very leaf-like and project beyond the 

 nut into a beak ; in the eastern HA/ELXUT (5<5:>) 

 - Corylus americana, 3 to 8 feet high, these 



bracts form a fringe-like 

 border generally hiding 

 the nut ; the Euitori AN 

 FILBERT (5(54) Cory- 

 lus Avellana grows 

 much taller, to 15 feet, 

 and never has the iTacts 

 fully hilling the nut, 

 Of this last species, 

 which has been culti- 

 vated for centuries, there are many named varieties: aurea, yellow 

 leaves; laciniata, deeply cut leaves; pe'ndula, weeping; etc. The other 



Fir,. 556. Shrubby I'.iivli. 



FIG. 557. Seaside Alder. 



