ANCIENT AND MODERN FORESTRY 41 



otherwise there could not be any Regard made 

 in the forest. Like a jury at common law, they 

 had all twelve to be unanimous in certifying their 

 verdict or ' presentment/ else it was invalid. 

 Regarders were appointed either for life or in 

 fee, by grant of royal letters-patent; or they 

 might be made, during the king's pleasure, by 

 the Justice in Eyre, or by the king's writ to the 

 sheriff; while in case of absence of one of the 

 twelve from a Swainmote the Justice in Eyre could 

 make nomination pro hdc vice. When a Regard 

 of the forest or Visitatio nemorum was ordered 

 once every third year by issue of the king's writ to 

 the sheriff, it was made by the Regarders accom- 

 panying the Foresters and Woodwards. They 

 surveyed all the Wastes, Assarts, and Purprestres 

 and entered them on rolls, examined the woods, 

 hedges, fences, and fellings, inspected mines and 

 forges, and made inquiries regarding those who 

 had bows, arrows, hounds, &c., for chasing and 

 killing the deer. This roll was brought to the 

 Court of Attachment or the Swainmote, and was 

 afterwards presented at the next Justice Seat. 

 They had therefore the fourfold duties of seeing, 

 inquiring, enrolling, and certifying concerning 



