THE SOFTWOODS 187 



can only be reproduced by means of a change 

 of generation with somewhat similar diseases on 

 the leaves of the former. They thus form the 

 'hosts' upon whose leaves Melampsora betulina 

 on birch, and M. tremul<e on aspen, effect their 

 alternate generation with C<eoma Laricis on larch 

 needles, or C. pinetorquum on the Scots pine, which 

 sometimes causes canker of the young pine shoots. 

 This is an additional reason for cutting out young 

 softwoods in crops of larch and pine, and for 

 removing birch and aspen growing near areas 

 that are soon to be regenerated. 



The Lime (Tilia europced) can hardly be called 

 one of our forest trees, as it is practically confined 

 to parks and to the more ornamental portions of 

 our woodlands. As an ornamental tree it is 

 well suited for the formation of avenues, and for 

 parks and open spaces. These are, indeed, the 

 proper positions for the lime. Grown in imme- 

 diate proximity to a house it is no favourite of 

 the gardener, who finds its beautiful foliage and 

 the sweetness of its honeyed flowers in July not 

 a full equivalent for the untidiness caused by the 

 falling of the stipules and bracts, and the early 

 shedding of the leaves. Producing wood lighter 



