xlvi INTRODUCTION 



where not a stick of timber is allowed to be cut. 

 These areas are maintained intact for watershed 

 protection. In fact many of the Forests of south- 

 ern California are maintained solely for this pur- 

 pose. These Forests are covered almost entirely 

 by a low bush-like growth called "chaparral," which 

 has no value either as timber or as browse, but which 

 has great value to preserve an equable stream flow 

 for domestic use, irrigation, and water power. 



But there are still other reasons why the cash 

 receipts from the National Forests are not as large 

 as they might be. In addition to the cash receipts 

 the equivalent of a large revenue is foregone every 

 year through the various forms of free use and the 

 sale of timber to settlers at cost instead of at its 

 actual cash value. During the fiscal year 1917 ap- 

 proximately $150,000 worth of timber was given to 

 settlers free of cost. About 40,000 people were 

 served under this policy. Also much timber is sold 

 at cost to settlers for domestic use. In this way 

 over 4,400 persons received many millions of feet of 

 timber whose cost value was about $20,000, but 

 whose sale value was much greater. The privilege 

 of grazing a small number of stock free of charge 

 is granted to settlers living on or near the Forests. 



