202 OUR NATIONAL FORESTS 



of government lands by wise and restricted use. 

 Between these two fiscal years there was no appre- 

 ciable increase in the total area of the Forests 

 which would account for the increased business. 

 In 1908 there were issued 19,845 permits for 1,382,- 

 221 cattle, horses and hogs; in 1917 there were is- 

 sued 31,136 permits for 2,054,384 animals. In 

 1908 there were issued 4,282 permits for 7,087,111 

 sheep and goats; in 1917 5,502 permits were issued 

 for 7,586,034 sheep and goats. The number of 

 cattle and horses grazed has increased therefore by 

 50 per cent, and the number of sheep and goats 

 by 7 per cent. The total receipts have increased 

 from $962,829.40 in 1908 to $1,549,794.76 in 1917. 

 Kinds of Range, Grazing Seasons, and Methods 

 of Handling Stock. For the proper understand- 

 ing of the grazing business on the National Forests 

 it is necessary to know something about the differ- 

 ent kinds of range, the length of grazing seasons, 

 and the methods of handling different classes of 

 stock. Sheep and goat range differs materially 

 from cattle and horse range and the proper dis- 

 tribution of stock over a National Forest cannot be 

 effected unless this difference is recognized. Sheep 

 and goat range usually consists of low shrubs or 



