3U GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



3(1. Shoots {IT, fig. 1). This is the name by which 

 young parts are designated from the time they emerge 

 from the bud until they have completed their first season's 

 growth. These have also important peculiarities that 

 serve to distinguish certain varieties. They are variously 

 designated as stout or sletider, stiffs or flexible, erect or 

 spreading, short-jointed if the buds be close together, 



Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig 



Fig. 7, Wood-branch of the Apple; Pig. 8, Fruit-branch: A, B, C, Young Fra't- 

 spurs on two-year-old wood; F'-^. 9, Pniit-branch of the Pear; A, B, C\ Young 

 Spurs on two-year-old wood. 



and long-jointed when the contrary. The colors of their 

 baiks are also strikingly different, and form very obvious 

 distinctions amongst varieties. The Snow Peach, for in- 

 stance, has pale greenish shoots, by which it is at once 

 distinguished. The J<{rgonelle^ Rostlezer, and many other 

 varieties of the pear, have darh pvrplish slioots, while -the 



