48 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



base ; some are rounded, some sharp, and some heart- 

 shaped. 



The divisions of the edges are serrated^ or toothed^ when 

 the edges are cut into sliarp teeth, directed towards the 

 point of the \ovi^ ; Jinely (fig. 28) or coarstiy (fig. 29) ser- 

 rate, as these teeth ai'e fine or coarse ; doubly serrate, 

 when the principal division, or tooth, is subdivided. i 



Crenate, or Scolloped (fig. 30), when the divisions are 

 rounded, instead of being sharp, like teeth. 



Lohed, when deeply cut, and the penetrating angle 



large, as in the cur- 

 rant, gooseberry, 

 grape, etc. (Fig. 31.) 



Flat, when the 

 surface is even (fig. 

 22). 



Folded, when the 

 edges are turned 

 inward (fig. 28). 



Beflexed, when 

 the apex, or point, 

 turns backwards, 

 giving the leaf, more 

 or less, the form of 

 a ring (fig. 28). 



Waved, wrinkled. 



Fil?. 31.— LEAF OF THE CURRANT, LOBED. ,, , 



smooth, roufjh, etc., 

 are terms well enough understood, used in describing leaves. 

 The leaf-stalk has often striking peculiarities in certain 

 varieties, such as unusually long, stout, short, or slender. 

 There are sometimes gland^i on the leaf-stalk, close to the 

 base, and, in certain cases, on the k'af itself, that are 

 chiefly taken notice of in identifying varieties of the peach 

 and nectarine ; these diflfer in shape, too, being globular 

 (as in fig. 32), reniform, or kidney-shaped (fig. 33) ; these 



