DISEASES. 4^5 



brown at early or micl-summcr. Tlic cause is unknown 

 and tlie injury is not materially great. The remedy is in 

 cutting away at the first ai)})earance. It is much more 

 abundant in some years than in others. 



Apple IMhfht. — This is a disease of serious character, 

 inasmucli as it invades and destroys many orchards. Like 

 the dreaded fire-blight of the pear, there seems no pre- 

 ventive. It attacks a whole branch or limb, and some- 

 times one quarter to one half of the top is destroyed, ere 

 to the common observer it is apparent. No remedy is 

 known except to cut away and destroy the memento of 

 one's losses. 



Bitter Mot. — This disease, by some attributed to want 

 of ajipropriate nourishment to the troe, and by others to a 

 fungous growth, is as yet but little understood. High 

 culture, the application of lime to the soil, etc., are 

 recommended as remedies. 



Hust, or JFangus, Mildew, and Crackinr/.—Thia disease is 

 more general in the pear than the apple, and it is more 

 apparent and destructive on some varieties than upon 

 others ; yet these varieties have not been so closely ob- 

 served and noted as to make it safe to enumerate them. 

 ►Suffice it that varieties longest in cultivation, most pro- 

 ductive, and in confined situations, are most liable to it. 

 It appears to be a fungous growth, presenting, when 

 viewed by the microscope, a mossy, spongy character, 

 occupying the skin, so as to prevent the develo|)ment of 

 its tissues, and residts in checking the growth at that })oint, 

 thus creating a deformity. When the malady spreads, 

 as it sometimes does, over a half or more of the fruit, it 

 tends to a deeper nature, and causes the fruit to crack 

 open, and become corky and worthless. 



