IMPLEMENTS FOR CUTTING. 



501 



Tree-8cra][>er 



Fig. 180.— GRAPE SCISSORS, 



184). — This is made of heavy plate- 

 steel, with a long, jointed 

 handle for scraping upper 

 branches, or a short one 

 for the trunks. 



Section 3, — Laddkrs and Fruit-Gatherers. 



Ladders. — Of these there are many kinds, 

 fruit-garden, where 

 the trees are low, 

 the self-supporting 

 ladder (fig. 185) is 

 the most conveni- 

 ent and best 



For the 



Fi!^. 181. riiUNING-KNIFE. 



Fig. 182. — BUDDING-KNIFE, 



It should, be made of light wood, with flat 

 steps, so that a person 

 can stand upon them 

 and work. The back, 

 or supports, consist of 

 One or two light pieces of timber, fixed at the top with 

 hooks and straps, so as to be contracted or extended at 

 pleasure. A ladder of 

 this kind, six or eight 

 feet high, will ansAver 

 all the demands of a 

 garden. 



Orchard Ladders are of various kinds. For pruning or 

 gathering the fruit from lofty trees, a great length of lad- 

 der is necessary ; it is therefore desirable that the mate- 

 rial be as light as 

 possible consistent 



with the necessary 



I^^ strength. Some- 



times these long lad- 

 ders are composed 

 fit into one another, all 



GRAFTING CHISEL. 



Fig. 184. — TREE-SCKAPEK. 



of several smaller ones, that 



