44 FRUIT-GROWING 



ers are: Boiken, York, Duchess and Wealthy. 

 Varieties that will stand even closer planting 

 are Akin, Jonathan, King David (perhaps), 

 Liveland, Red June and Yellow Transparent. 

 Several varieties in the last class might easily 

 be planted at distances not greater than twen- 

 ty-five feet while those of the first group 

 should stand not less than forty feet apart in 

 the permanent orchard. 



Speaking of permanent orchards suggests 

 the use of filler and semi-permanent trees. 

 Probably few horticultural practices have pro- 

 voked more discussion than the use of fillers 

 in an apple orchard. A filler tree is simply one 

 that is put in temporarily to fill space between 

 the permanent trees during the development 

 years of the permanent planting. 



At some time or other I have tried a good 

 many systems of planting and quite a list of 

 trees for use as fillers. First it was peaches, 

 then plums and finally apples. Peaches as fill- 

 ers in an apple orchard are a perfect success 

 if the grower has the nerve to pull them out at 

 the time they begin to crowd the apples for 

 room. (Provided of course that the orchard is 

 located in a section in which peaches may be 

 grown for profit.) For several years some of 

 the men in our Experiment Station "have 

 pointed with pride" to my own example in this 

 respect. I have been shown as an example of 



