SPRAYING 117 



trolled not for one year only but for several 

 years — depending upon how close you may be 

 to infected orchards. Where the winter spray 

 is not used it is necessary to make repeated 

 summer sprays to hold this disease in check. 



Roughly these are the chief insects and dis- 

 eases that the apple-grower must know. If he 

 can claim a personal acquaintance with each 

 of them he is in a fair way to become proficient 

 in the work of spraying, but he must know also 

 what he is spraying with. 



The lime sulphur solution, as I have said, is 

 a chemical combination of lime and sulphur. 

 It is put out in convenient form by many spray 

 material manufacturers and in this form is 

 known as "commercial lime and sulphur" solu- 

 tion. It is an effective remedy for the depre- 

 dations of all scale insects when diluted at the 

 rate of one to five or six. The makers' direc- 

 tions usually advise its use at the rate of about 

 one to eight or nine. At that strength the 

 oyster shell scale will be only slightly incon- 

 venienced and a few San Jose scales will man- 

 age to struggle through. For my own part I 

 do not like winter spraying and when I have to 

 do it I want to make such a thorough job that 

 it will not have to be repeated every year. 

 Consequently I use this solution at least as 

 strong as one to five. It costs more of course, 

 but in the end it is much cheaper than spraying 



