APPLE VARIETIES 245 



Although all are Eussian varieties they were 

 first imported from England where they had 

 been in cultivation for some time. Since then 

 many Russian sorts have been tested, but none 

 of them has proved superior to the old Duchess 

 of Oldenburg. Some of them, however, have 

 been the parents of American seedlings that 

 show great promise. 



The Duchess is one of the best early apples 

 as it produces large crops of marketable fruit 

 at an early age. It has been extensively 

 planted as a "filler" between the permanent 

 trees in commercial orchards. For this pur- 

 pose it is one of the best. 



Pippins 



Pippins are not necessarily pippins at all. 

 Many persons, particularly city buyers, think 

 a pippin is a variety of apple. It is not, unless 

 it has some qualifying word coupled with it, 

 such as "White Pippin," "Newtown Pippin," 

 etc. The word pippin is old English and signi- 

 fies a "Pip" or "kernel" and was formerly 

 applied to seedling apples to distinguish them 

 from grafted or budded fruit. Taken literally 

 Newtown Pippin means "the seedling which 

 came from Newtown ' ' and does not imply even 

 a type of apple. We have no apple in cultiva- 

 tion which can correctly be referred to simply 

 as "Pippin." 



