296 TRINIDAD. 



by an armed militia force, and several were killed ; in fact, this 

 attempt at rebellion ended in the death of forty of those deluded 

 men, of whom three prisoners underwent military execution. 



In 1595, Sir Walter Raleigh having entered the gulf of 

 Paria, sent some of his boats up the river Caroni, from which he 

 passed into the St. Joseph tributary, and, having landed his men 

 near the town, captured it. St. Joseph is a catholic parish, with 

 a neat stone-built church, from the tower of which one has the 

 command of a most extensive view. The Maraccas ward-road 

 joins the town near the barracks. 



The hilly parts of the above wards are inhabited by small 

 proprietors, the majority of them being emancipated labourers ; 

 they cultivate provisions, some coffee and cacao, and generally 

 work out on hire. The plains are cultivated in canes ; and in 

 Laventille is found one sugar estate (abandoned since) with a 

 cattle mill ; in Cimaronero, four estates, of which one has a water- 

 mill, and another is a cacao plantation ; four in Aricagua, on one 

 of which is a water-mill, and on two, steam-engines ; six in St. 

 Joseph, of which one is furnished with a water-mill, and one with 

 a steam-engine ; the others have cattle-mills. There is also a cacao 

 plantation in St. Joseph. Out of the above estates, the three 

 having water-mills manufacture from 500 to 550 hhds. of sugar 

 each, under favourable circumstances. A quarry of excellent 

 building stone has been lately discovered in the ward of Aricagua, 

 and supplies macadam for the adjoining portion of the Royal 

 road : very pure gypsum may also be obtained from the hills 

 near St. Joseph, and a snow-white clay, at the foot of the 

 high ground on which the town is built. This latter is used 

 for whitewashing. 



Northward of the above wards are the following: Santa 

 Cruz, Maraccas, and Las Cuevas the latter stretching along 

 the sea-shore, and bounded on the south by Santa Cruz 

 and Maraccas. They bear the greatest resemblance to each 

 other in every respect, and are for the most part hilly Ma- 

 raccas and Las Cuevas especially. The soil is in general of the 

 best quality, light and sandy in the valleys, and a clayey loam 

 resting on schists arid limestone on the hills : these are generally 

 steep, and the valleys rather damp and warm. The valley of 

 Santa Cruz in all respects the richest, and also the largest in 

 Trinidad is entirely cultivated in cacao, and contains some of the 



