ORGANIC EVOLUTION 39 



thetical nebula is to be considered homogeneous, and as 

 the beginning of evolution. If the atoms were all alike 

 they would constitute a homogeneous nebula. 



The unicellular protozoon, which never develops be- 

 yond one cell, but grows in bulk only, differs from the 

 multicellular metazoon, in its beginning, not in the size, 

 or form, or substance of the cell, but in the absence of 

 fertilization of its nucleus; and the consequent addition 

 of new cells, in building up a multicellular organism. 

 A multicellular organism grows by fission, but in doing 

 so the birth of new cells is accompanied by a membrane 

 that holds the cells together. The significant fact, for 

 evolution, is that in its beginning every animal, also 

 every vegetable, is a cell analogous, if not homologous, 

 with every other, in appearance. That fact, coupled 

 with another fact in embryology, viz., that all mammals, 

 including man, in their embryological development, be- 

 fore they arrive at the mammalian form, parallel the 

 embryological forms of all the animals below the order 

 of mammals, viz., radiata, articulata, molusca, and fish 

 and reptiles of the order of vertebrata, is very strong 

 evidence that they were, at some period of their develop- 

 ment, existing in the adult forms of these lower orders. 

 This is strong and very convincing evidence of deriva- 

 tion from lower orders, by variation and inheritance. 

 There are scientists, however, who deny the exactness 

 of the parallelism. Montgomery contends, that when a 

 variation occurs, that is racial, there is not only a modi- 

 fication of the matured form, but what makes the varia- 

 tion racial is the fact, that the germ cell is modified cor- 

 respondingly. This is Weissmanism. Therefore all sub- 

 sequent embryos are modified, not only at the point, 

 where they assume the form of the new race, but at all 

 stages, prior as well as subsequent. So that there can- 



