ORGANIC EVOLUTION 51 



The same two hundred bones, in the same order and 

 structure, make up our inner skeleton; the same three 

 hundred muscles effect our movements; the same hair 

 clothes our skin; the same groups of ganglionic cells 

 build up the marvelous structure of our brain; the 

 same four-chambered heart is the central pulsomer of 

 our circulation; the same thirty-two teeth are set in 

 the same order in our jaws ; the same salivary, hepatic, 

 and gastric glands compass our digestion; the same 

 reproductive organs insure the maintenance of our 

 race." (Haeckel). And he should have added, the 

 same physical, and mental habits; the same sleeping 

 and waking; the same emotions of fear, anger, and 

 effection; subject to the same diseases, and the same 

 death. The same medicines have like effects, on man 

 and monkey, horse and dog. Under like environment 

 the monkeys, in less degree of intellectuality only, re- 

 spond to like excitation of their peripheral nerves, in 

 the same manner that man does. The evolution of man 

 has occurred just as that of other animals. Darwin 

 puts the erect position of man, as the result of natural 

 selection. This position brought about correlated vari- 

 ations in the body, as do all heritable variations. When 

 man could make artificial tools for defense, his natural 

 tools degenerated for want of use, for instance, his 

 canine teeth, and jaws. His social instincts and in- 

 tellect make up for his physical weakness, compared 

 with other mammals. 



THE FORMATION OF TYPES. Morphology is the science 

 of life forms, as crystallology is that of inorganic forms. 

 It was of more importance to Linnaeus who largely 

 classified by its law, than it is now, when internal 

 structure and function are considered of greater use- 

 fulness. It is of very great benefit in the science 



