MENTAL AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION 117 



deprived of all senses except touch. Such a human 

 being is possessed of a nervous structure, constituting 

 the nerve centers of the other senses ; and by the asso- 

 ciative conductive paths crossing in great numbers, 

 every part of the brain, and connecting all the sense 

 centers, these centers of the other senses are excited to 

 the vicarious performance of the psychical functions 

 of each other. So that the sensations, coming through 

 the sense of touch alone to such a brain structure, pro- 

 duce more slowly, only, nearly as much mentality, after 

 repeated practice or experience, as if the outward sense 

 organs were all in normal working order. The reaction 

 of its muscles to the sensation of touch is slow in the 

 animal without nerves. Such animal life is sustained 

 by the absorption of whatever suitable matter comes 

 casually in contact with its surface. It is without other 

 intelligence than sustentation and procreation. It has 

 no correspondence with spacial environment, and none 

 with the time sense. The difference between it and the 

 most intellectual man, is the difference of complexity 

 in physical structure, which, of course, includes nervous 

 structure, corresponding with a like complexity in the 

 not-self, or environment. 



INSTINCTS. The connections between the peripheral 

 sense organs and the motor muscles in lower animals, 

 are the instincts of those animals. The same connec- 

 tions in the higher order of animals and man are the 

 instincts of that order. But, as the complexity in- 

 creases, many instincts necessary to the, low orders be- 

 come unnecessary to the higher. Especially is this true 

 of man. But the instincts of self-preservation and race 

 perpetuation remain all through the series, from the 

 lowest to the highest. These are love, fear, anger, and 

 the sexual feelings, and are characteristic of all animal 



