140 UNIVERSAL EVOLUTION 



known before, becomes known. The value of these 

 results, or lessons, depends upon their persistence in 

 the lives of men. Those that prove of value to the 

 individual, or the race, survive and the others die. 

 This species of natural selection is going on all the 

 time, in the brains of men. There are a thousand rea- 

 sonings, which die, where one of real value survives. 

 The responses, that man's brain makes to environment, 

 are limited to the capacity of the five senses. These 

 senses and their capacity, of functions, are biological 

 evolutions according to the law of the survival of the 

 fittest, and are limited to like material things in the 

 environment. These things are those forces that con- 

 tribute to the support of the physical and psychic life 

 of man. Esthetics and altruism are further biological 

 evolutions of the power of the brain to contribute to 

 the pleasure, and therefore to the life of the individual. 

 and the race. The latter evolve co-ordinately with 

 intellect, that is the art, and the ethics of savagery 

 and barbarism, evolve into the art and ethics of what 

 are called civilization, just as the ' ' mind ' ' of the former 

 becomes unadapted to the customs of that form of 

 society, and evolves into the customs, that make up 

 civilization. This evolution is not a struggle, or com- 

 petition between the individuals, who make up savage 

 or barbarous tribes, not a conscious struggle. But it 

 may be a struggle, between tribes, and between such 

 tribes, and civilized colonies, or nations. For exam- 

 ple, the evolution of the United States required, that 

 the native Indian tribes should be constantly pushed 

 back, as the white people advanced, to occupy the 

 country. But the units of the tribes, and the units of 

 the colonies gave "mutual aid" to each other in this 

 struggle of tribe with colony. The colonies survived 



