150 UNIVERSAL EVOLUTION 



ized. But, when this immense and significant change 

 came about, the numbers of the people had so largely 

 increased, as to outgrow the possibility of the gentile, 

 the tribal powers, and customs. These needed that 

 each member of the tribe should be personally 

 known to almost every other member. We are, 

 therefore, compelled to assume that the state, 

 which was evolved from these natural condi- 

 tions, our own civilization. was that form of 

 society best adapted to the material conditions out of 

 which they so evidently grew. It is, surely, not an 

 ideal civilization, nor such as the sentiment, or the 

 reason of men, in the aggregate, could they control it, 

 would select, or make, and the present form of society 

 will not endure. Society is in constant process of 

 transformation, caused by material, not sentimental 

 motives, beyond the real control of men. Therefore, 

 reason has had little to do with it, except to follow the 

 impulses given it, by material conditions. It is an evo- 

 lution through, not by, psychical processes, called ideas, 

 and the ideas were formed by sensations, from the 

 objective environment. 



"Natural selection" determines, in the last resort, 

 which nations shall survive, what groupings of man- 

 kind are most vigorous, and what organizations are 

 most successful." (Prof. Ritchie.) What is it, therefore, 

 but a physical, or biological evolution? 



MAN STILL EVOLVING. Man then, as a social and 

 reasoning organism, is still evolving, both biologically, 

 and psychologically. He can never hope to free him- 

 self from the biological laws of natural selection now, 

 nor at any future period of his evolution. 



Alfred Russell Wallace has argued, that after the 

 development of those intellectual and moral faculties 



