162 UNIVERSAL EVOLUTION 



by the senses, to the intellect of man. It is not sur- 

 prising that such ideas were evolved, prior to the 

 advance lately made in chemistry, physiology, biology, 

 and physics. But now, when the indestructibility of 

 matter, the conservation of energy, the persistence of 

 force, the evolution of all things, are so well established 

 by scientific evidence, it seems almost incredible, that 

 an able author of physiology and psychology can con- 

 tend for independent causes for any of the activities 

 of the human organism. Contrast the above extracts 

 with the following extract from a late scientific treatise 

 on physiology, viz., "The Nutrition of Man." by Rus- 

 sell H. Chittenden, professor of physiological chemis- 

 try, in Yale University : 



"The human body is a maelstrom of chemical 

 changes; chemical decompositions are taking place 

 continuously, at the expense of the proteids, fats, and 

 carbohydrates of the tissues of the food, the stored up 

 energy of these organic compounds, being thereby 

 transformed into active, or 'kinetic' forms of heat 

 and motion; while carbon-dioxide, water, urea, and 

 some few other nitrogenous substances are being con- 

 tinually formed, as the normal -waste products of these 

 tissue changes. * * * In other words, the body is 

 in a perpetual condition of chemical oscillation, con- 

 stantly consuming its own substance, rejecting the 

 waste products which result, and giving off energy in 

 the several forms characteristic of living beings." One 

 of the forms of energy characteristic of living beings is 

 thought, and so is any form of psychic phenomenon, 

 and like the muscular activities of the body are caused 

 by the chemical activities constantly taking place in 

 the body. 



The molecular motion, in the brain tissue, being psy- 



