MIND IS FUNCTION 183 



walking and language, became automatic, and there- 

 fore instinctive, in his matured form, but it has taken 

 ages to bring about this change. At first, intelligence 

 was not equal to instinct in accomplishment. Instinct 

 was quicker and more certain. But, intellect's potential 

 achievements Avere infinitely greater than those of in- 

 stinct. The animals, controlled by instinct, were better 

 housed, and perhaps better fed, than man. But, when 

 men's arms were freed from mere locomotion, and free 

 choice given him by the birth of intelligence and rea- 

 son, then he advanced, while the animals, possessing 

 only instinct, remained in the mental condition they 

 now are. When a man slaughters a hog, carefully 

 cutting it up into appropriate pieces, salts them down 

 in a barrel, made by his own hands, to prevent the 

 meat from putrefaction, we call that reason, because 

 it is a process that provides him and' his family with 

 sustentation, at a future time. But when a wasp stings 

 its victim on just those joints where the nerve centers 

 lie, and thus paralyzes the victim's power of motion, 

 without killing it, and stores its body away for the 

 wasp's future sustentation, we call that instinct, al- 

 though the operation shows the wasp to be a learned 

 anatomist, and a skillful surgeon. This example 

 of the instinctive intelligence of the wasp could 

 be repeated of other animals of the lower orders 

 many times. When a bald hornet catches a house fly. 

 it immediately cuts off its wings to prevent its escape. 

 These parallel similar actions of man, with this differ- 

 ence ; the surgical instruments of the wasp and hornet 

 are made for them organically, as are all the tools of 

 the lower animals, with which they work ; but man 

 makes his own tools from inorganic substances, with 

 which he operates, and when he kills and preserves his 



