196 UNIVERSAL EVOLUTION 



children usually leave behind the colored ones. This is 

 explainable, only on the theory of evolution, that func- 

 tion or use, and structure proceed simultaneously. The 

 ancestry of the white child for innumerable genera- 

 tions have been surrounded by a civilization that 

 necessarily resulted from a superior nervous system, 

 and especially those higher qualities of the brain called 

 intellect, and probably these reacted on the brain 

 itself in improving its quality and structure. This 

 difference in the brains of different races is a curious 

 study. It is altogether probable it was caused by en- 

 vironment, in drawing out the power of the brain. For 

 at one time, the races must have been practically alike 

 in aptitude. But as they diverged, in geographical dis- 

 tribution, the influence of climate, soil, and consequent 

 food and habits, began to work at once a difference in 

 the anatomy and physiology as well as. of course, of 

 the psychology. The white race spread over Europe 

 and the black race over Africa. The physical differ- 

 ences of the two regions are so apparent as not to 

 require notice here. The difference in climate alone 

 would cause a great divergence in the races. When 

 large numbers of the negro race were brought to 

 America as slaves, their anatomy in time began to 

 change, as they multiplied by heredity, although the 

 southern states are not so very different in climate, 

 from parts of Africa. After slavery was abolished 

 these negroes began to improve. Now, here and there, 

 are some of them who have shown ability equal to the 

 average whites. In time, ( a long time), there is little 

 doubt, but that they will develop, as a class, into a 

 brain capacity equal, in natural aptitude, to the aver- 

 age whites. This will result, after many generations, 

 from living in the same environment with the white 



