234 UNIVERSAL EVOLUTION 



STRUCTURE DETERMINES DIFFERENCE. The thought of 

 one man is different from that of another, because 

 either the brain centers are different in construction, 

 or the aptitude of the original cells, to throw out cross- 

 associative threads making new connections, is greater 

 in one, than in the other. The differences in char- 

 acter in all animals, is the difference in physical struc- 

 ture. This difference produces different phases of in- 

 tellect, and emotion. All animals are characterized 

 by the emotions, and whichever one, fear, anger, af- 

 fection, or self-feeling, predominates, gives the tem- 

 perament. These emotions, in the lower animals, are 

 unmodified, or very little modified, by the brain, or 

 intellect. But in man, the superior quantity, and in- 

 tensity, of brain matter, puts him in so much wider, 

 and more complex correspondence, with obscure and 

 complex relations in his environment, that the im- 

 pulses of the simple emotions are greatly modified, or 

 checked; but the process, in both, is molecular motion. 

 That form of consciousness called reason, and memory, 

 seems to be, merely arrested reflex motion. The reflex 

 arc of the nervous system, in lower orders of animals, 

 consists of a receptive nerve, a central ganglion, and 

 a motor nerve running from the ganglion to the 

 muscle. The motor action, or the emotion, follows im 

 mediately the sensation. In the nervous system of man. 

 there is the same unit of simple reflex, and as many, or 

 more, simple responses to sensory stimulation, without 

 the interposition of consciousness. But there is, also, 

 the large ganglion called the cerebrum, into, and from 

 which, run nerves, in continuation of the simple re- 

 flex. Those sensations, too complex for simple reflexets 

 to solve, pass over the more complex arcs into the brain 

 centers. 



