ETHICS AND ALTRUISM 239 



human and nonhuman. "Normal adjustment" here 

 means the relative power of the brain to comprehend 

 phenomena, and keep in necessary correspondence with 

 them. It is necessary to be borne in mind, that man 

 is a part of phenomena. It is plain that such ethics will 

 greatly vary throughout the world. This definition it 

 will be observed, is also precisely the definition of psych- 

 ology, of evolution, and of life itself. This fact preserves 

 the continuity of thought upon all vital subjects. In the 

 treatment of universal evolution it is thus found that 

 whatever division may be made of the physical, or 

 psychical phases of organisms, for the purpose of an- 

 alyses and study of their processes, they are so intimately 

 unified that the scientific definition of one phase, is that 

 of all, and of the whole as a unit. This is not only the 

 principle of evolution in the organic realm, but also of 

 the inorganic. The universe is a unit. While the brain 

 of man does not comprehend, in a complete conception, 

 the whole in one idea, yet he dissects the parts, in his 

 immediate environment, manufactures tools to bring his 

 sense organs nearer to other parts, and thus discovers 

 the laws, in sufficient amplitude to satisfy his intellect. 

 He finds that every phase of it has a moral bearing 

 upon himself. This oneness of type and definition in 

 natural inorganic and organic phenomena has a very 

 profound significance. It means monism. What is true 

 of one natural phenomenon is true of every other. A 

 conception of evolution, in life forms, such as Darwin 

 has formulated, if true will be satisfactory evidence, to 

 the real student of physics, of the same evolution 

 throughout nature. It is exceedingly strong evidence 

 against dualism. 



The statements in this chapter, regarding the morali- 

 ties of different communities, throughout the world, by 



