January, 1938] 



Dairy Herd Replacements- 



Table 2. Relation of balance between crop land and pasture land to the 

 niijuber of cows added dni-ing the year, ivith percentages. 



Table 3. Number of cows handled and the number sold for production and 

 for slaughter, with percentages, according to whether raised or purchased. 



* Beginning inventory plus heifers freshened during year. 

 t Beg'inning inventory plus cows purchased during year. 



sell cream as well as milk. Twenty-six per cent raised heifers beyoud 

 the number necessary for maintaining the herd, and thereby established 

 an income-producing enterprise in addition to that of milk production. 

 Only twenty per cent of the wholesale farmers were raising heifers be- 

 yond maintenance requirements. 



A total of 56 cows died during the year. Based on the total number 

 of cows handled, 4450, the mortality rate was 1.26 per cent. 



Adequacy of Heifers for Maintenance. The 200 farms surveyed 

 were virtually self-supporting with respect to the number of heifers 

 required for replacements, based on all cows eliminated and the aver- 

 ago age at which heifers freshened. In order to replace the 858 cows 

 disposed of during the year by sale and by death, it would require 2166 

 heifers of all ages, if freshening at average age of 30.3 months 



