CONTENTS OF TREES IN STANDARDS 25 



2. In what way will tlii's method decroase the necessary field work involved 

 in securing the tree measurements? 



PROBLEM 14. (Office.) The Detek.mi.xatiun of the Merchantable Contents 

 OF Trees in Standards. 



Explanation. — A Standard is a log of specified dimensions used as a unit of 

 volume. It is based on the principle that the contents of logs vary directly 

 as their lengths and the squares of their respective diameters. The volume of 

 any log in terms of a specified standard may be obtained as follows : 



''Square the diameter at the small end, and divide by the square of the 

 diameter of the standard log; then divide by the length of the standard log 

 and multiply by the length of the log measured." 



Illustration. — To compute the Merchantable Contents of Trees in the " 19- 

 inch Standard." 



Explanation. — The "19-inch Standard" is a log 13 feet long and 19 inches 

 in diameter at the small end. The formula for determining the contents of 

 a given log by this rule is, 



D2 L 



where V = volume in standards ; 



Z) = diameter inside of bark in inches at the small end of the log to be 



measured ; 

 L = length in feet of the log to be measured. 



Directions. 



A. Data Required. — Use the data collected in Problem 6. 



B. Method of Procedure. 



1. Compute the volumes of all vSections except stump and tip in 19-inch 



standards. 



2. Enter the values in a blank column on the analysis sheet, label properly 



and total. 



PROBLEM 15. (Field.) The Determination of the Contents of Standing 

 Trees by Short Methods. 



Explanation. — It is often necessary to determine the contents of standing trees 

 by some short rule of thumb when no volume table or other better means is 

 available. The student will find it very convenient to have one or more of 

 these short rules at his constant command. Each of these methods should 

 be tried out on 12 trees, except method II of Illustration 1, which will be 

 used in connection with Problem 23. 



Illustration 1.— To Compute Contents in Board Feet of Standing Trees by 

 the Spaulding Rule. 



