48 DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENTS OF STANDS 



of trees showing eonk should bo discounted by reducing the sound volume 50, 75 

 or 100 per cent, according to the cruiser's judgment as, to the extent of the fungus 

 attack. Trees with other defects such as fire-scars, hollow butts, broken tops or 

 any other visible defects should be reduced in volume by the proper percentage 

 estimated in the field for each tree tallied. All snags which have not been dead 

 over four years and are apparently sound should be tallied. All windfalls which 

 originally stood upon the strip and which are sound enough to produce lumber 

 should be tallied. In this respect it should be remembered that cedar remains 

 sound for a great many years and that cedar windfalls can hence be taken much 

 more closely than any other species. The taper of swell -butted cedars must be 

 taken into account by reducing the D.B.H. several inches so as to give the cedar no 

 more swollen butts than normal fir trees, as otherwise the Spaulding rule will give 

 too high volumes. Defects such as pitch, spike tops, butt rot, shake, and all 

 other hidden defects and breakage will be discounted by deducting a lump per- 

 centage from the total volume at the end of work. This percentage should be 

 estimated by the cruiser in the field. Instructions for making discounts for 

 defects must be given by the instructor on the ground. Special directions cannot 

 be given here. 



For tallying, the cruising sheet (Form 3 A) will be used which has the page 

 divided into columns for different species. One column will be used for tallying 

 each species by means of the regular dot system as follows : The trees are tallied 

 by dots and lines, in blocks of ten, as indicated in the following table, which shows 

 the marks corresponding to different numbers, 



3.3456 -7 89 10 



'**::: r. n n n K 



Dead trees or snags which have merchantable contents should be tallied in the 

 same column with the living trees with an "x" instead of a dot to distinguish 

 them. Defective living trees should be tallied in the same columns with the sound, 

 but should be kept separate by tallying them with the following symbols: 



For 10 per cent deducted from the sound volume: Q 



For 25 per cent deducted from the sound volume: r\ 



For 50 per cent deducted from the sound volume: J) 



For/75 per. cent deducted from the sound volume: ^^ 



For a tree tallied by mistake: 



Dead defective trees should be tallied in a similar way, except that an "x" 

 will be used in place of the dot. The number of snags over 12 inches in diameter 

 without merchantable contents may be tallied in the column provided on the 

 right hand side of the sheet should the purpose of the cruise require these data. 

 The percentage of estimated hidden defect for each species and the breakage for 

 the whole "forty " should be tallied in the proper spaces at the bottom of the sheet. 



