24 AMERICAN GEAPE GROWING 



be cut off, in case the scion should not unite with it, 

 and as the fibres of both scion and stock are cut trans- 

 versely, the pores join better. As soon as the scion starts, 

 cut off the stock above it, taking care, however, not to 

 move the scion in the operation." 



The following is copied from the Seventh Annual Re- 

 port of the State Entomologist of Missouri (1875); the 

 methods described are mostly to counteract the Phyllox- 

 era, by establishing the graft upon Phylloxera proof 

 roots, and preventing it from making roots of its own : 



'^ There are several methods of grafting above ground, 

 which I have every reason to believe may be made more 

 successful than grape-growers have hitherto supposed ; 

 the first is, by making a false surface and grafting in the 

 manner just described, but instead of digging away the 

 earth and inserting the scion several inches beloAv ground, 

 it should be inserted above ground, and the earth thrown 

 up around it, to be removed after the graft is thoroughly 

 and permanently joined. There will be no danger of the 

 graft forming its own roots, and it is certainly as easy to 

 throw the earth around the vine as to dig it away, while 

 the work can be more easily performed above than below 

 the surface. No doubt this method of grafting needs 

 greater care, especially in dry seasons, as the mound is 

 more apt to dry out than the level ground. Yet there is 

 evidence that this method will work well in our soil and 

 climate. Mr. Jno. Vallet, of New Haven, Mo. , a grape- 

 grower of much experience, has had good success in this 

 grafting above ground, using flax twine and pawpaw bark 

 for bandages. He considers that the vine grows more 

 vigorously (which I am inclined to doubt), and that there 

 is less danger of separating the graft when the union is 

 once formed, as it is not necessary to go below ground 

 to destroy the suckers, by which the grafts are sometimes 

 disturbed." 



'* The second method is by inarching. This system of 



