OPERATIONS OF TILLAGE. 



137 



distance is kept between the two first slices, and so the 

 open furrow is preserved. In this case, each ridge is 

 split into two ridges, and the number of open furrows is 



doubled. 



See fig. 27. 



Fig. 27. 



<sss$>^u^z^x<^'-<s$s$s^>-^<z^:^^ 



*' The next method of ploughing is cross-ploughing. 

 This, as the name denotes, is ploughing in a direc- 

 tion crossing that of the former ridges and furrows. 



Fiff. 28. 



X . 



" In cross-ploughing, the workmen place themselves at 

 equal distances from each other, as thirty or forty yards, 

 At the side of the field at which they are to begin to 

 Dlough. Each then runs a straight furrow across the field, 

 as, fig. 28, from A to D, from B to E, from C to F. 

 Each then returns as from D to A, from E to B, from 

 F to C, laying always the successive furrow-slices to- 

 wards the right hand, until each man arrives at the ter- 

 mination of his allotted space, x x^ x x^xx^ x x. There has 

 been thus formed by each workman one great ridge, but 

 so extended that it may be said to be without curvature. 

 The ploughmen, we perceive, turn from left to right 

 around the first furrows, A D, B E, C F. But they may 

 also turn from right to left. Thus, in going from B toE, 

 the ploughman lays his first furrow-slice to the right hand. 

 When he arrives at E, he may turn his horses left about, 

 and proceed to D, and returning from D to A, lay his first 

 furrow-slice to the right hand towards D A. Turning left 

 12* 



