316 GLOSSARY. 



Transition^ removal ; change ; passage from one slate to another. 



Transition formation, and Transition rocks, those rocks which are 

 supposed to have been formed, while the earth was in its transit (or 

 passage) from an uninhabitable to a habitable condition, and between 

 the creation of the primary and secondary rocks. 



Trefoil, grasses of the genus Trifolium, so called from their triple 

 leaves, like clover. 



Trenching, a mode of pulverizing and mixing the soil, or of pulveriz- 

 ing and changing its surface to a greater depth than can be done by 

 the spade alone. In this operation, a trench is formed, like the fur- 

 row in digging, but two or three times as wide and deep. 



Trench ploughing, running a second furrow directly in the bottom of 

 the first. 



Triennial, lasting three years ; happening every third year. 



Triennial plants, those which continue three years from once seeding. 



Trituration, the pulverizing, or uniting of bodies by friction. 



Torrefaction, roasting of ores. 



Turnip drill, a machine used in sowing turnips in drills. 



Tussocks, or Tussucs, tufts, clumps, tumps, bunches, or minute hil- 

 locks, of growing grass. 



Under Drains, see p. 199. 



Urette, liquid manure ; the urine of animals ; compost manure, made 

 of stale urine and loam. See p. 72. 



Vacuum, a space unoccupied by matter. 



Vegetables, plants, organized bodies, generally deriving iheir nourish- 

 ment from the soil. 



Vegetable Manures, vegetable matters which have not undergone the 

 process of animal mastication, as green crops, straw, &c. 



Vegeio-animal Manures, see Animal Manures. 



Vergaleu, contracted from Vergouleuse, a species of pear. 



Vice versa, the side being changed, or the question reversed. 



Voniito, a fatal disease which prevails in Mexico, and other countries 

 in that region ; the yellow fever. 



Walljloiver , a well-known hardy garden flower, cultivated as an an- 

 tiseptic, and recommended to be cultivated like parsley, and for the 

 same purpose. 



White crops, grain crops, such as wheat, oats, &c. 



Wimble, an instrument with which holes are bored. 



Winchester measure. The standard of measures in England was 

 originally kept at Winchester, and was by law directed to be ob- 

 served throughout the kingdom. Winchester measure, therefore, 

 means the same as the standard measure of England, which is that 

 of this Country, also. 



Winter tares, tares sown with Winter grain. 



Wireworm, a stiff" worm, of a very slender form, and of uncommon 

 hardness, about an inch or less, in length. It is the grub of a small 

 beetle, and lives in the larva state nearly five years. 



Wisped, rubbed with a wisp of straw. 



Yarrow, a common plant, sometimes cultivated with perennial grass- 

 es, to give flavor to milk, butter, mutton, or venison. Sinclair con- 

 siders it as an essential ingredient of the most healthy and fattening 

 pastures. 



